Minijob Guide for Foreigners in Germany

If you're new to the German job market, you've likely heard the term "Minijob" (or "Mini-Job"). But what exactly makes a Minijob special? And why are they so popular among foreigners, students, and people seeking flexible work?

A Minijob is a uniquely German employment model designed for short-term, low-wage work with minimal bureaucratic burden for employers. They're ideal if you want flexibility, quick employment, or supplementary income. For foreigners, Minijobs offer a low-barrier entry into the German job market with clear legal protections and straightforward rules.

This guide explains everything: what Minijobs are, who can do them, tax benefits, your rights as a Minijobber, popular sectors, how to find them, and critical red flags to avoid scams. By the end, you'll understand whether a Minijob is right for you and how to navigate it successfully.

In German labour law, a Minijob is defined by strict financial and temporal limits:

• Earnings-based Minijob (2026): Maximum monthly earnings of €603 (updated annually on January 1st, indexed to the statutory minimum wage). There is no time limit—an earnings-based Minijob can run on an ongoing basis. Once you exceed this limit in a month, it's no longer classified as a Minijob—it becomes regular employment with full tax and social security obligations.
• Short-term Minijob (kurzfristige Beschäftigung): A separate category with no earnings cap, but limited to 3 months or 70 working days per calendar year, and it must not be your main source of income.
• Nature of Work: Any type of work qualifies: retail, hospitality, tutoring, cleaning, delivery, manual labour, etc. What matters is the earnings and duration, not the job type.

Key Point: These limits are strict and monitored. Employers who exceed them without converting to regular employment face significant fines. This legal rigidity actually protects you—employers can't arbitrarily change your terms or overwork you.

• EU Citizens: Complete freedom to take Minijobs in Germany. No permits or registration required beyond standard residency (Anmeldung).
• Non-EU Citizens with Work Permits: If you have a valid German work permit (Aufenthaltserlaubnis), you can work Minijobs. Your permit must allow employment.
• Students: German and international students can work unlimited Minijobs without affecting student status or BAföG eligibility (within limits).
• Refugees & Asylum Seekers: Once granted refugee status or work permission, you can take Minijobs.
• Retirees & Pensioners: You can work Minijobs and keep receiving pensions (with minor tax implications).
• Unemployed Persons: You can combine Minijob income with unemployment benefits (ALG) up to certain limits without losing benefits.

Important: Always verify your specific legal status with the local employment office (Arbeitsagentur) before starting. Your residence permit or visa conditions may have employment restrictions.

One major advantage of Minijobs is reduced tax burden:

• Flat-Rate Taxation (Flat-Lump-Sum Approach): Employers can opt for flat-rate taxation, paying a fixed 2% of gross wages to cover income tax (standard), plus 5.25% employer payroll tax. This system is cheaper for employers than calculating individual taxes, and they often pass savings to employees through higher wages.
• Individual Taxation: Alternatively, individual income tax withholding applies (your personal tax rate based on other income). You then settle taxes in annual income tax returns.
• Income Tax-Free Threshold: If a Minijob is your only income, you may have no income tax liability due to the tax-free allowance (€11,600 in 2026). Verify with your employer.
• Simplified Social Security: Minijob employers and workers pay simplified social security contributions. For workers, this is typically minimal.
• No Health Insurance Requirement (Usually): Many Minijobs don't require statutory health insurance enrolment as a separate cost—this is covered by the flat-rate system. Verify with your employer.

Practical Benefit: If you earn €603/month in a Minijob and it's your only income, you likely owe minimal or no taxes. Much of your gross pay remains yours. This is fundamentally different from regular employment where taxes and social contributions reduce take-home significantly.

• If Minijob Is Your Only Income: You may need to enrol in student or voluntary health insurance (€80-150/month depending on status). However, flat-rate Minijob contributions sometimes cover basic coverage—verify with your employer.
• If You Have Other Employment: You're likely already covered through main employment. Minijob income doesn't affect this.
• Refugees & Asylum Seekers: Often covered under specific health programs. Confirm coverage when starting a Minijob.
• Non-Resident Status: Some foreigners qualify for emergency health coverage only. Understand your status before taking work.

Critical Action: Before accepting a Minijob, ask your employer: "What health insurance do I need?" Get their answer in writing. Don't assume coverage exists—it's your legal responsibility to maintain coverage, and gaps can result in significant back-payment obligations.

• Hospitality & Retail: Waiters, bartenders, kitchen staff, shop assistants. High turnover means frequent hiring. Often competitive wages plus tips.
• Tutoring & Language Teaching: English, German, and other language tutoring. Often €15-25/hour. Perfect for students and flexible schedules.
• Delivery Services: Bike couriers, food delivery (Wolt, Deliveroo), package delivery. Flexible scheduling, immediate employment. €12-18/hour plus bonuses.
• Cleaning Services: Residential and commercial cleaning. Straightforward work, no advanced language needed, often €12-15/hour.
• Caregiving & Babysitting: Au pair work, babysitting, elder care assistance. Families hire flexible, trustworthy workers. Often €12-20/hour.
• Office & Admin Support: Data entry, filing, reception work. May require basic German or English, €13-16/hour.
• Manual Labour & Warehousing: Stock work, warehouse picking, moving services. €12-14/hour, immediate hiring for capable workers.

1. Find a Position: Search Vardio, Indeed.de, LinkedIn, local job boards, or Facebook expat groups. Apply directly or through employment agencies.
2. Verify Legal Status: Confirm you have the right to work in Germany (EU citizen, valid work permit, student visa allowing work, etc.). Ask the Arbeitsagentur if unsure.
3. Prepare Documents: Have ready your passport, Anmeldung certificate (registration), and Steuer-ID (tax number). Some employers ask for these upfront.
4. Interview & Negotiation: Discuss hourly rate, schedule, and job expectations. Confirm the role qualifies as a Minijob (won't exceed €603/month).
5. Request Written Confirmation: Ask the employer for written job terms including: job title, hourly rate, expected hours per week, start date, and whether flat-rate or individual taxation applies.
6. Register with Tax Office: If this is your first job in Germany, confirm your employer has your Steuer-ID. If you don't have one, apply at the local Finanzamt (tax office) before starting work.
7. Confirm Health Insurance: Verify coverage with your employer or enrol independently if required.
8. Sign Contract (if provided): German Minijob contracts are often verbal with written notice of employment (Beschäftigungsmitteilung), but written contracts are always preferable. Keep a copy.
9. Start Work & Track Hours: Keep records of hours worked. Monitor earnings to stay under €603/month (or, for a kurzfristige role, stay within 3 months / 70 working days per year).

Despite Minijobs' simplicity, you have substantial legal protections:

• Minimum Wage: €13.90/hour (2026). Non-negotiable. Demand this rate or report to the wage control authority (Zollkontrolleure/Finanzkontrolle Schwarzarbeit).
• Written Confirmation: While contracts aren't always written, employers must provide written notice of employment (Beschäftigungsmitteilung). Request this always.
• Paid Vacation: You're entitled to statutory paid leave, prorated for your working period. Typically 20 working days/year proportionally.
• Sick Pay (Lohnfortzahlung): If you become ill, you receive 80% of your regular wage for up to 6 weeks per illness. You don't lose income due to sickness.
• No Arbitrary Termination: Your employer can't fire you without notice unless there's serious misconduct. Standard notice period is 2 weeks. Check your agreement.
• Safe Working Conditions: Your employer must provide safe equipment, training, and conditions. Report hazards without fear of retaliation.
• No Discrimination: Protection from discrimination based on nationality, race, religion, gender, age, or disability. Report violations to your employer, Arbeitsagentur, or Anti-Discrimination Agency.
• Unemployment Insurance (Optional): You can opt in to pay for unemployment insurance (~13.6% of gross). If paying in, you're covered if laid off.

Red Flag: "Work from home" offers paying €3,000+ monthly: Legitimate remote Minijobs maxing at €603/month won't promise high earnings. Be extremely skeptical.

Red Flag: Upfront fees required: Legitimate employers don't charge applicants for job placement or contracts. If someone asks for "registration fees" or "training costs" upfront, it's a scam.

Red Flag: Vague job description or employer: Professional employers provide clear job details, location, and contact information. Vague offers with only email contact are suspicious.

Red Flag: Payment method unusual: German employers pay via bank transfer (Überweisung) to your German account. If someone offers payment via gift card, cryptocurrency, or wire transfer, it's fraudulent.

Red Flag: Pressure to decide quickly: Legitimate employers allow time to consider. Urgent pressure ("decide within 24 hours") is a classic scam tactic.

Red Flag: No written confirmation: Always insist on written job terms before starting. Handshake agreements with no documentation leave you vulnerable.

Red Flag: Excessive data collection: Employers ask for Steuer-ID and bank account details for legitimate payroll purposes, but if they ask for passport scans, copies of residence permits, or excessive personal data, be cautious.

Action if Scammed: Report to the police (Polizei), the Arbeitsagentur, and local consumer protection agency (Verbraucherzentrale). Report job scam websites to relevant platforms.

Vardio specializes in connecting job seekers with short-term and flexible work, including Minijobs. The platform allows you to filter specifically for Minijob positions, understand job requirements, connect directly with employers, and apply with just a few clicks. Vardio is built to encourage transparent listings, clearer employer profiles, and safer direct communication than generic classifieds. When looking for Minijobs through Vardio, use the same document, contract, and payment checks you would apply to any job offer.